Each of the following statements below, if true, would explain the somewhat surprising finding EXCEPT:
A)White collar crimes, which are almost always non-violent, tend to replace street-crimes during times of prosperity.
B)The police now have a computerized filing system, so that it is almost impossible for a violent crime to be unrecorded.
C)During this time, the state considerably lengthened felony convicts' waiting period for parole.
D)The police force has expanded in number and is equipped with the latest crime detection technology.
E)The city is now much better lit at night, and security cameras protect a large number of public venues.
2. Kitchen magazine plans to license the use of its name by a line of cookware. For a magazine, licensing the use of its name for products involves some danger, since if the products disappoint consumers, the magazine's reputation suffers, with consequent reductions in circulation and advertising. However, experts have evaluated the cookware and found it superior to all other cookware advertised in Kitchen. Therefore, Kitchen can collect its licensing fee without endangering its other revenues.
The argument above assumes which of the following?
A. No other line of cookware is superior to that which will carry the Kitchen name.
B. Kitchen will not license the use of its name for any products other than the line of cookware.
C. Makers of cookware will not find Kitchen a less attractive advertising vehicle because the magazine's name is associated with a competing product.
D. Consumers who are not regular readers of Kitchen magazine will be attracted to the cookware by the Kitchen name.
E. Kitchen is one of the most prestigious cooking-related magazines.
3.A ccording to some sports historians, professional tennis players develop unique playing styles that result from a combination of the peculiarities of each player's physical attributes and the influence of coaches during their early adaptation to the game. But when the increase in strength and endurance of modem players is discounted, it becomes readily apparent that the playing styles of the current crop of professional tennis players are no different from the styles of players from previous generations. Clearly, there is a universally efficient tennis style to which all professional tennis players conform.
The argument above is most weakened by which of the following statements?
(A) The differences in physical attributes among tennis players are even more pronounced than the sports historians believe.
(B) Few current professional tennis players are familiar with the professional tennis players of fifty years ago.
(C) The increased strength of current tennis players contributes more to the development of individual playing styles than does increased endurance.
(D) All of the early coaches of today's professional tennis players were professional tennis players themselves earlier in their lives.
(E) Weight training and greater attention to diet are the primary factors in the increased strength and stamina of the current generation of professional tennis players.
4. Psychologist: We asked 100 entrepreneurs and 100 business managers to answer various questions and rate how confident they were that their responses were correct. While members of each group were overconfident, in general the entrepreneurs were much more so than the business managers. This indicates that people who are especially overconfident are more likely to attempt to start a business in spite of the enormous odds against success than people who are less confident.
Which one of the following, if true, lends the most support to the psychologist’s conclusion?
(A)The questions asked of the entrepreneurs and business managers included personal, political, and business questions.
(B)At least some of the entrepreneurs surveyed had accurately determined before attempting to start their businesses what the odds were against their attempts being successful.
(C)Another survey showed that degree of confidence was highly correlated with success in business.
(D)The business managers who were most overconfident were found to have attempted to start businesses in the past.
(E)How confident each person surveyed was that his or her answers to the questions asked were correct corresponded closely to that person’s confidence in his or her business acumen.
5 The snack food market has recently seen an explosion in the production and sales of "100- Calorie packs," individually wrapped portions of snack foods sized to provide exactly 100 calories per portion. These packs cost substantially more per ounce-they sell for nearly same price as traditionally sized portions, which are typically two to three times their size - but consumers have been purchasing them with greater and greater frequency. One possible explanation is convenience: Consumers may be relatively unconcerned with their subjective impression of the small packs, and willing to pay more to avoid having to measure out their portions. Another possible explanation is that 100- calorie pack, at least in the case of snacks for which it has sold well, represents the smallest portion that still looks and feels "substantial" enough to appeal to dieters who lack the self control to limit their consumption of snacks from larger packages.
Which of the following, if true, would support one of the given explanation and undermine the other?A. Consumers are willing to pay exactly the same price for 100-calorie packs sold in vending machine as for traditionally sized snack portions sold in vending machine.
B. A large number of buyers of 100-calorie packs consume them as light desserts after large meals that have left them feeling too full for traditionally sized snack food.
C. Although the 100-calorie packs have begun to sell well across a large variety of demographics, busy young professionals were the first group to purchase them frequently.
D. Because the 100-calorie packs require more packaging per ounce of food than the traditionally sized portions do, manufacturers must charge more per ounce to make the same relative profit as on traditionally sized portions.
E. Sales of 100-calorie packs have been uniformly poor at stores where they are displayed alongside traditionally sized portions, even for the same snacks whose 100-calorie packs are bestsellers at other stores.
6 Left-handed persons have an advantage over right-handed persons on tasks that are controlled by the right hemisphere of the brain and painting, for most people, is a task mostly governed by the right hemisphere of the brain. However, left-handed persons contract viruses, such as influenza, more frequently than do right-handed persons.
The information above, if true, best supports which of the following hypotheses?
(A) There is a greater proportion of left-handed persons among painters than there is among non-painters.
(B) Most people who contract influenza or other viruses are left-handed rather than right-handed.
(C) If a left-handed person contracts a virus similar to influenza, that person will probably be a painter.
(D) Most left-handed painters are more susceptible to influenza than is the population as a whole.
(E) There are a greater proportion of left-handed persons among painters than there are right-handed persons among non-painters.
7 In the United States, about $5,200 per person per year is spent on health care, while in Britain the amount is about
half that. A recent study indicated that middle-aged white Americans have a significantly higher rate of diabetes
and heart disease than do middle-aged white Britons. Even after eliminating from the study the lifestyle differences
of diet, exercise, smoking, and drinking, the data showed that the Americans have poorer health than their British
counterparts. The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions?
• Health care spending in the United States should be reduced by 50%.
• More expensive health care causes a higher incidence of certain diseases.
• The money spent on health care in the United States is not being used effectively.
• The average health care spending for middle-aged white Americans is probably less than the average health care
spending for Americans in general.
• Something other than diet, exercise, smoking, and drinking must account for the difference in health for the two
groups in the study.
8 Spokesperson: In the 2006 election of the city mayor, 55% of the voters were female. All the voters were between
ages 18 and 70 and 2/3 of them supported the incumbent mayor. The incumbent mayor won the election with a
substantially greater number of votes than any other candidate. If the statements made by the Spokesperson are
true, then which of the following must be true?
• At least 1/2 of the female voters supported the incumbent mayor.
• The incumbent mayor received stronger support from the female voters than from the male voters.
• There were no other candidates in the election who received more than 30% of all the votes.
• 45% of the voters in the election were male and none of them were 75 years old.
• If the proportion of male and female voters in the city remains the same, the incumbent mayor is also likely to win
the next election.
9 In 2003, the Making Hits Record Company spent 40% of its total budget on the production of ten albums, 30% of
its budget on the marketing of these albums, and the remainder of its budget on overhead costs. In the same year,
the Song Factory Record Company spent 20% of its total budget on the production of 10 albums and 60% of its
budget on the marketing of these albums. Making Hits sold a total of 800,000 copies of the ten records it produced
in 2003, while the Song Factory sold a total of 1,600,000 copies of the ten records it produced in 2003. Assuming
each company met its budget, which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information given
above?
• The amount of money spent on marketing is directly related to the number of copies sold.
• Making Hits spent more money on the production of its albums in 2003 than did the Song Factory.
• Song Factory’s total revenue from the sale of albums produced in 2003 was higher than that of Making Hits.
• In 2003, Making Hits spent a larger percentage of its budget on overhead costs than did the Song Factory.
• The Song Factory sold more copies of its 2003 albums than Making Hits did because the Song Factory spent a
higher percentage of its budget on the marketing of its albums.
10 Due to high jet fuel costs, airline carriers are looking for new ways to increase revenues and thereby counteract
declining profits. Airline A has proposed increasing the number of passengers that can fit on its airplanes by
creating several standing room only “seats” in which passengers would be propped against a padded backboard
and held in place with a harness. This proposal, since it relates to passenger safety, cannot be implemented
without prior approval by the Federal Aviation Administration. The above statements, if true, indicate that Airline
A has made which of the following conclusions?
• The addition of standing room only “seats” will generate more revenue than the cost of ensuring that these seats
meet safety standards.
• The Federal Aviation Administration will approve Airline A’s specific proposal.
• The revenue generated by the addition of standing room only “seats” is greater than the current cost of jet fuel.
• There are no safer ways in which Airline A can increase revenues.
• Passenger safety is less important than increasing revenue.
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